The United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) 2016 drafted an action-oriented framework known as the New Urban Agenda, discussing the issues of urbanization and how to tackle them. One issue highlighted was that of the governance of urban green spaces, committing to promote their creation and maintenance.

Today, Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are an integral part of any modern city, offering benefits to a nation’s sustainability and public health. Defined as open-space areas within an urban city filled with greenery, these landscaped parks serve as pockets of nature within some of the world’s busiest metropolises. As suggested by authors of the New Urban Agenda, discussing the governance of such a space is paramount to ensuring the well-being of our community.

Urban Green Space Governance: Framework and Importance

Historically referred to as “the lungs of the city”, urban green spaces have proven to be a vital fixture for suburban areas–acting as a literal breath of fresh air among high-rise buildings and bustling marketplaces. They offer environmental benefits such as reducing the effect of greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating urban heat, and minimizing noise pollution, as well as physiological advantages to any citizens who frequent the space. 

According to recommendations made by the World Health Organization, residents of any urban city should have access to at least 0.5 to 1 hectare of public green space within 300 meters of their home. Higher exposure to greenness is also associated with a reduction in mortality and improved cognitive health. Access to large public parks also promotes social interaction and physical exercise. 

UGS also has the potential to boost the economic conditions of a city. These aesthetically pleasing parks may serve as tourist attractions and hubs for public activities such as cultural events. Small businesses may also operate within the space, boosting trade even more. 

Urban green spaces serve as the intersection between three different sectors, providing improvements in residents’ physical and mental health, the environment, as well as the city’s economy. Hence, managing these spaces with a clear, effective system of governance is of utmost importance.

Challenges in Managing Urban Green Spaces

Despite being such an important asset to any metropolitan city, urban green spaces are not as common as one would think. A recent study analyzed 1,000 cities spread over 31 countries in Europe and found that over 62% of the population did not have access to green space as recommended by the WHO.