As the world grapples with the escalating climate crisis, the upcoming COP28 (28th Conference of the Parties) which is only one month away presents a unique opportunity for ASEAN nations to showcase their collective commitment to addressing the challenges presented by climate change.

This diverse group of nations faces unique climate challenges, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and threats to food and water security. As a result, ASEAN has become acutely aware of the dire consequences of climate change and the need for collective action. In recent years, ASEAN countries have taken several significant steps to address climate change. They have ratified the Paris Agreement, which seeks to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, they have developed the ASEAN Joint Statement on Climate Change, signaling their shared commitment to mitigating climate change and adapting to its impacts. This unity within ASEAN is a testament to its determination to tackle climate issues effectively.

In preparation for COP28 where the first global stock take mandated by the Paris Agreement will check on the progress of countries in reference to their commitments, the ASEAN region has emerged as a pivotal player in the global fight against climate change. ASEAN, the fourth largest energy consumer rely heavily on fossil fuels which make up 83% of its energy mix. However, as the consequences of climate change become increasingly severe, these nations recognize the need to transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources which has led to increased adoption of renewable energy, such as solar and wind although at a much slower rate. The current status of ASEAN countries in terms of reduction targets and RE targets are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of ASEAN countries reduction targets and renewable energy targets

Climate adaptation is a vital aspect of ASEAN's climate strategy. Many of the region's low-lying coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise and extreme weather events. The region is particularly susceptible to climate-related disasters, from typhoons in the Philippines to droughts in Vietnam. Building climate resilience involves a combination of adaptation measures and disaster risk reduction strategies. One way that ASEAN can showcase its commitment to climate resilience at COP28 is by promoting ecosystem-based approaches to disaster risk reduction. These approaches leverage ASEAN’s unique natural environment's capacity to absorb and mitigate climate-related risks. For example, mangrove restoration and sustainable forest management can help protect coastal communities from storm surges and flooding. ASEAN can use COP28 to advocate for such solutions and gain international support for their implementation. It is only by enhancing existing infrastructure (which is a huge gap in most ASEAN countries), implementing effective flood mitigation strategies, and improving disaster preparedness that ASEAN countries can better adapt to the changing climate and protect their citizens and economies.

COP28 provides ASEAN countries with an international platform to strengthen their climate diplomacy. ASEAN has historically played a pivotal role in facilitating regional cooperation, and this diplomatic experience can be leveraged to build global consensus on climate issues. By collaborating with other nations at the conference, ASEAN can help bridge the gap between developed and developing countries, advocating for climate financing (where progress has been dismal) and technology transfer to aid the most vulnerable nations. One of the key challenges facing COP28 is the ongoing North-South divide regarding climate responsibilities. Developed countries are called upon to provide financial and technological support to developing nations as part of their climate commitments as part of Loss and Damage which will remain key focus areas for COP28. ASEAN, as a group of both developing and developed nations, need to have a stronger voice and bridge this divide by promoting equity and fairness in climate negotiations. By emphasizing the importance of a just transition, ASEAN can help ensure that all nations, regardless of their economic status, have the support they need to address climate change effectively.

To make significant progress in the fight against climate change, ASEAN countries must harness innovation and promote technology transfer. As the world moves towards renewable energy, energy-efficient technologies, and sustainable agriculture, ASEAN countries can benefit from adopting these innovations. COP28 can serve as a platform to facilitate the exchange of ideas and technologies that can accelerate the region's transition to a low-carbon economy. By sharing best practices and collaborating on research and development initiatives, ASEAN nations can develop sustainable solutions tailored to their unique challenges. This not only reduces the region's carbon footprint but also fosters economic growth by creating new green jobs and industries. ASEAN's embrace of technology and innovation at COP28 can be a game-changer in the global quest to combat climate change.

The ASEAN region's role in COP28 is pivotal, and its success can set the stage for a more sustainable and climate-resilient world. The collective commitment of ASEAN nations to address climate change, set regional climate goals, collaborate diplomatically, innovate and promote technology transfer, and enhance climate resilience can inspire global action. As the world gathers at COP28 to confront the climate crisis, the ASEAN region's contributions will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping a more sustainable future for all.

Posted 26 Nov 2023