Global temperature has risen by about 1.1°C since pre-industrial times. There are terrible consequences of a continued rise in global temperature (IPCC, 2023). These include more natural disasters such as floods, typhoons and droughts; melting ice and rising sea levels; heat waves; and loss of biodiversity due to forest and peat fires. Since 1850, the Earth's temperature has risen by an average of 0.06° per decade. But since 1982, the temperature has risen more than three times as fast, by about 0.20°C per decade. Last year, 2023, was the warmest year since global records began in 1950. It was 1.18°C above the 20th century average, which was only 13.9°C. It was 1.35°C above the pre-industrial average (1850-1900). Meanwhile, at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) on 12 December 2015, known as the Paris Agreement, 196 parties agreed to keep the increase in temperature below 1.5° C (UNFCC, 2015).We are in a vulnerable situation in terms of food security and agriculture which is fragile due to rising global temperature (Oettle, 2016). Rising global temperature has an impact on climate change, which creates more water anomaly and distracted water supply on agricultural activities. The increase in dry days due to climate change has shifted the planting calendar. While dry days become more frequent, without preparing water management can throw farmers to crop failure due to drought. Rainfall is becoming more intense with larger droplets. It will increase topsoil erosion, which reduces soil fertility and can accelerate the spread of plant diseases. Heavy rainfall also increases the frequency of flooding and causes more crop failures.The impact of rising temperatures in agriculture is not only on the environment, but also on pests and plant diseases. Pests are also more sensitive to higher temperatures. They will have greater consumption rates and increased development time. In hotter conditions, pest will increase number of generation and more resistant to pesticide (Skendzic, 2021).For example, Spedoptera exigua on onion increased during dry days (Hikmah, 1997); Thrips sp. has optimal suitable temperature at 25-30°C (Yadav, 2014); and Bemisia Tabaci has optimal suitable temperature at 32.5°C (Bonato, 2006). Increased use of pests as plant disease vectors also has the potential to spread plant diseases, for example, Cocoa Swollen Shot virus has spread in West Africa and affected global cocoa production (Ofori, 2022).Developing countries around the equator line such as Africa and Southeast Asia are more affected by the risk of rising temperature (Martin, 2015). Due to higher temperature on trophic country, rising global temperature causes equator line to become hotter. Impact on pest development and spread become higher, as it is more suitable for pest to grow on tropical country. Meanwhile, smallholder farmers from tropical developing countries contribute to global food production. Most traditional farming by rural smallholders is climate-dependent. They will suffer from crop failure due to natural disasters, increase of pests and plant diseases, and higher capital to purchase inputs production. Rising global temperatures threaten smallholder farmers (Morton, 2007)Land degradation due to chemical use increases the risk of natural disasters. Chemicals used on land kill micro-organisms and soil's natural fertility. So farmers need more and more chemical on their land. Therefore, they were damaging their soil function to absorb and store water. Soil becomes harder and harder, so it can't absorb water. When it rains heavily, only a small part of the water can be absorbed by the soil. The rest of the water will flood the land. When floods happen, productivity is reduced to the point of crop failure. Due to soil texture being more solid, it is also difficult to save water. On dry days, water evaporates more easily into the air. Drought become more terrible and the farmer need more water supply. More crop failure happen in strike and disturb food supply. The mainstream way of farming are no longer suitable in climate crisis situation. Smallholder farmer has more difficult to thrive for climate threat. Farmers need every possible solution to increase climate resilience.Organic farming will save more land from climate catastrophe. Organic methods encourage the use of more compost to improve soil health. Compost made from organic waste or manure has micro-organisms living in it. It will increase the soil's natural fertility. Some bacteria and tiny animal such as worm can live on organic land. Adding compost to soil will increase cavity on soil. So that the soil can more easily absorb and save water. When big rain happen, soil can absorb more water and reduce flood. Meanwhile, in drought days, soil can save more water, which reduce water supply on farmland. Increasing soil resilience to disasters will also increase farmers' resilience to climate change. Campaigning to use compost on more land will strengthen farmers' foundation to thrive in climate situation.Pests and diseases spread more easily in hotter conditions. To protect the plant, the farmer could use a greenhouse. So they can reduce the use of pesticides and drugs on the plant. The challenges for smallholder farmer because of capital need to build greenhouse was huge. To reduce the capital, smallholder farmer could use low cost greenhouse alternative. Which only use one row on beds with tunnel pipe, insect screen and UV plastic. Insect screen function to reduce the pest eating plant. UV plastic reduce evaporation on soil and protect from heavy rains. This reduces the spread of disease by rainfall. This simple greenhouse can reduce half of greenhouse cost. It is also more portable to move. With this greenhouse more accessible and suitable for the smallholder farmer.LiteratureBonato, O. 2006. Modelling temperature-dependent bionomics of Bemisia tabaci. Physilogical Entomology/ Volume 32, Issue 1.Hikmah, Y. 1997. Tingkat Parasitasi Larva Spodoptera exigua Pada Musim Hujan dan Musim Kemarau. Skripsi. Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian. IPB. Bogor.IPCC. 2023. AR6 Syntesis Report: Climate Change 2023. Geneva, SwitzerlandLindsey, R. 2024. Climate Change: Global Temperature. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature acces on July 4th 2024Martin, R. 2015. Climate Change: Why the Tropical Poor Will Suffer Most. https://www.technologyreview.com/2015/06/17/167612/climate-change-why-the-tropical-poor-will-suffer-most/ access on July 4th 2024Morton, John. 2007. The Impact of Climate Change on Smallholder and Subsistence Agriculture. Natural Resources Institute. University of Greenwich.Oettle, NM et al. 2016. Shale Gas Development in the Central Karoo: A Scientific Assessment of the Oppurtinities and Risk. Chapter Eight. CSIROfori, A et al. 2022. Field evaluation of the impact of cocoa swollen shoot virus disease infection on yield traits of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in Ghana. PubMed Central. National Library of MedicineSkendzic, S et al. 2021. The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Insect PestsUNFCCC. 2015. Paris Agrement. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf access on July 4th 2024Yadav, R. 2014. Effects of temperature on the development and population growth of the melon thrips, Thrips palmi , on eggplant, Solanum melongena. Journal of Insect Science.